PMT/PMA Test

In my drawer I have some PMT's. Most of them comes from NOx analyzers from an ancient time. But some are "only" a decade old.

I also have some TEC coolers, and found a PMT that did have a cooler mounted. I tested the cooler with 12V and the peltier draw 1A, so it is only about 12W.

Next I measured up the cooling temperature, and the small TEC could cool the PMT to about 10°C. This is of course an improvement compared to 20-25°C, but a lot improvements could be done.

The dark current and the S/N will be much improved with a lower temperature.

dark.jpg

Also a AD-549 was used as a Pre-amp, this is a good Fet Op-amp. But the OPA-128 is even better, so I will replace the Op as well.

Here is the original TEC on the left, and the new one to the right. I have to adjust the cooler housing to the new size.

tec1.jpg

 

The Hot side of the TEC must be fitted to a heat sink. It seems like the new bigger TEC cooler will fit. Some milling work needs too be done.

tec2.jpg

 

Milling work done. The new TEC is thinner, a spacer of about 1.5mm needs to be mounted on the hot side.

newtec.jpg

 

The TEC-1 is available on the net. The specification is:

tec-spec.jpg

With a hot side temp of 50°C it would be possible to reach -20°C, since the delta T is 75°C. However my control software is locked to a duty cycle of 10% to 90%. This because the speed of the timer in dot Net runs stable at about 10ms. Of course could I make a PIC based fast controller, but I will try with this setup first. Temperature controllers is slow by nature. And 90% duty cycle will probably drive the TEC with over 50W.

 

I made a software to be able to control the peltier cooler. And the software also controls the heat sink fan.

tec-soft.jpg

 

I will also connect to the Pre-amp out, to a 24 bit AD. For this I use a USB-2408 from Measurement Computing. This I/O also reads the TEC temperature.

2408.png

 

The PMT with Pre-Amp needs ± 15V, 5V and of course High Voltage. The gain will increase with higher Voltage, but so will the noise. I will test with 800V. Max HV for the tube is 1500V.

This PSU will provide the necessarily Voltages.

psu.jpg

 

 Some about PMT's

• Produce current at their anodes when photons impinge upon their light-sensitive cathodes
• Require external power source
• Their gain is as high as 10^7 electrons out per photon in
• Noise can be generated  from thermionic emission of electrons - this is called “dark current”
• If very low levels of signal are available, PMTs are often cooled to reduce heat effects
• Spectral response of PMTs is determined by the composition of the photocathode
• Bi-alkali PMTs have peak sensitivity at 400 nm
• Multialkali PMTs extend to 750 nm
• Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) cathodes operate from 300-850 nm
• High voltage regulation is critical because the relationship between the high voltage  and the PMT gain is non-linear (almost logarithmic)
• PMTs must be shielded from stray light and magnetic fields
• Room light will destroy a PMT if connected to a power supply
• There are side-window and end-window PMTs
pmt.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

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